Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei,Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites     

Fabio Arzilli  Monica Piochi  Angela Mormone  Claudia Agostini  Michael R. Carroll 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2016,78(10):72

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Uncertainty Analysis of Strong-Motion and Seismic Hazard’ by R. Sigbjörnsson and N.N. Ambraseys     

Julian J. Bommer  Frank Scherbaum  Fabrice Cotton  Hilmar Bungum  Fabio Sabetta 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(2):261-267

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Evaluation of lindane diffusion along the southeastern Adriatic coastal strip (Mediterranean Sea): a case study in an Albanian industrial area     

Marini M  Betti M  Grati F  Marconi V  Mastrogiacomo AR  Polidori P  Sanxhaku M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(3):472-478

This study aimed to analyze the impact at sea of a pesticide factory located 7 km north of Durres (Albania) by investigating a lowland area under the sea situated 0.7 km from the shoreline. The main product of this factory was lindane. Production ceased in 1991 during the Albanian civil war, and a large amount of industrial waste was dispersed over the ground surrounding the factory, resulting in a high level of lindane pollution. A water-scoop channels the ground water accumulated around the disused factory directly into the sea. The concentrations of lindane in sediments collected along the coasts of the region ranged from 0.60 to 22.55 ng g(-1). The average concentration in the muscles of fish did not exceed the limits specified by European Commission legislation, whereas the concentration in the liver did exceed these limits; consequently, liver is not recommended for consumption.  相似文献   

The trawling ban in Hong Kong's inshore waters--a round of applause and a plea to learn from others' mistakes     

Badalamenti F  Pipitone C  D'Anna G  Fiorentino F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(8):1513-1514

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Land subsidence along the Ionian coast of SE Sicily (Italy), detection and analysis via Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal differential SAR interferometry     

Fabio Canova  Cristiano Tolomei  Stefano Salvi  Giovanni Toscani  Silvio Seno 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(3):273-286

The paper presents the results of a multi‐temporal, differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis aiming to identify active surface deformation phenomena in south‐eastern Sicily. The study area has been chosen because of its strong seismicity, high concentration of industrial and agricultural activities, and high density of people living in the coastal area. Furthermore, the morphology, lithology and climatic features of this sector of the Hyblean foreland are suitable for an interferometric analysis, providing a high coherence over the area. The Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal DInSAR technique was used to calculate mean ground velocity maps and displacement time series from a large data set of European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS 1–2) images spanning the time period 1992–2000. The reliability of the DInSAR results was tested calculating the East_SAR and Up_SAR values over two permanent global positioning system (GPS) stations in the area, and comparing them with the East_GPS and Up_GPS values. The residuals between GPS and DInSAR velocities were 1 and 0.6 mm/yr for the Up and East components, respectively. Four main subsiding areas, previously undetected, have been identified, corresponding with the towns of Augusta, Siracusa, Priolo, and Villasmundo. The observed deformation phenomena are located within coastal structural basins, filled with Pleistocene and Holocence deposits, except the Villasmundo land subsidence, which is located on the Hyblean plateau. The measured deformation rates reach values up to ?18 mm/yr in Augusta, –6 mm/yr in Siracusa, –5 mm/yr in Villasmundo and ?4.5 mm/yr in Priolo. The examination of velocity profiles, time series, and geological data allows us to relate all the detected deformation patterns primarily to groundwater over‐exploitation. A multi‐dimensional interpolation with kriging was performed to obtain a field subsidence map. A first‐order elastic deformation model was used to simulate the peculiar features of the Villasmundo subsidence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Complexity in Sequences of Solar Flares and Earthquakes     

Vladimir G. Kossobokov  Fabio Lepreti  Vincenzo Carbone 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(3-4):761-775

In this paper the statistical properties of solar flares and earthquakes are compared by analyzing the energy distributions, the time series of energies and interevent times, and, above all, the distributions of interevent times per se. It is shown that the two phenomena have different statistics of scaling, and even the same phenomenon, when observed in different periods or at different locations, is characterized by different statistics that cannot be uniformly rescaled onto a single, universal curve. The results indicate apparent complexity of impulsive energy release processes, which neither follow a common behaviour nor could be attributed to a universal physical mechanism.  相似文献   

The rate of sedimentation from turbulent suspension: An experimental model with application to pyroclastic density currents and discussion on the grain‐size dependence of flow runout     

Pierfrancesco Dellino  Fabio Dioguardi  Domenico M. Doronzo  Daniela Mele 《Sedimentology》2019,66(1):129-145

Large‐scale experiments generating ground‐hugging multiphase flows were carried out with the aim of modelling the rate of sedimentation, of pyroclastic density currents. The current was initiated by the impact on the ground of a dense gas‐particle fountain issuing from a vertical conduit. On impact, a thick massive deposit was formed. The grain size of the massive deposit was almost identical to that of the mixture feeding the fountain, suggesting that similar layers formed at the impact of a natural volcanic fountain should be representative of the parent grain‐size distribution of the eruption. The flow evolved laterally into a turbulent suspension current that sedimented a thin, tractive layer. A good correlation was found between the ratio of transported/sedimented load and the normalized Rouse number of the turbulent current. A model of the sedimentation rate was developed, which shows a relationship between grain size and flow runout. A current fed with coarser particles has a higher sedimentation rate, a larger grain‐size selectivity and runs shorter than a current fed with finer particles. Application of the model to pyroclastic deposits of Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei of Southern Italy resulted in sedimentation rates falling inside the range of experiments and allowed definition of the duration of pyroclastic density currents which add important information on the hazard of such dangerous flows. The model could possibly be extended, in the future, to other geological density currents as, for example, turbidity currents.  相似文献   

Small‐scale experimental simulation of talus evolution     

Fabio Vittorio De Blasio  May‐Britt Sæter 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(12):1685-1692

We investigated a small‐scale laboratory model of a talus slope evolution. Five different size classes of basaltic rock were selected and marked with different colours. Homogenized mixtures of grains of different sizes were dropped from a fixed height onto a tilted experimental board covered with a loose granular layer. This was conducted in a series of regular sequences, and the resulting distribution on the board was studied after each sequence. At the beginning of the experiment, the grains developed a longitudinal gradation similar to natural talus slopes, where small grains settle at the top while the large ones roll down to the distal part. However, after a transient period dominated by single‐particle dynamics on the inert granular medium, the evolution proved to be more variable than expected. Due to the continuous shower of falling grains, the shear stress at the bottom of the upper granular layer increased. This resulted initially in a slow creep down slope that finally collapsed in large avalanches homogenizing the material. The slides occurred at the boundary between a weaker layer created by migration of small grains through the interstices, and marked by a vertical transition between small and large grains. We compare the experimental findings with observations from natural talus slopes, and suggest that similar experiments may be helpful in understanding the evolution of taluses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the contributions of atmospheric pressure and wind to daily sea level in the northern Adriatic Sea     

Fabio Raicich 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

Daily sea level variability in the Adriatic Sea is studied from different data sets using Empirical Orthogonal Functions, in connection with atmospheric pressure and wind stress. The first mode explains 56–69% of total variance and consists of uniform sea level variability all over the basin, correlated with atmospheric pressure through the inverse barometer effect. The second mode explains 13–16% of variance and accounts for an along-basin sea level gradient, which is correlated with the meridional wind stress component. The first two Principal Components are used as proxies to pressure- and wind-induced components of storm surges in the northern Adriatic. The analysis of the frequency of the most intense events in the 1957–2005 period shows that the wind contribution to storm surges has decreased, while no significant trends are found in the contribution of atmospheric pressure.  相似文献   

Origin of salt giants in abyssal serpentinite systems     

Scribano  Vittorio  Carbone  Serafina  Manuella  Fabio C.  Hovland  Martin  Rueslåtten  Håkon  Johnsen  Hans-K. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(7):2595-2608

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Worldwide marine salt deposits ranging over the entire geological record are generally considered climate-related evaporites, derived from the...  相似文献